In July 1995, Slovenian archaeologist Ivan Turk discovered a bone carving in the northwest region of Slovenia. Found in Slovenia, the Divje Babe Flute is sometimes considered the world's oldest known musical instrument As such, the specimens found cannot be irrefutably placed as the earliest musical instruments. Artifacts made from durable materials, or constructed using durable methods, have been found to survive. Consensus solidifying about artifacts dated back to around 37,000 years old and later. Some artifacts have been dated to 67,000 years old, while critics often dispute the findings. Researchers have discovered archaeological evidence of musical instruments in many parts of the world. One plays a musical instrument by interacting with it in some way - for example, by plucking the strings on a string instrument, striking the surface of a drum, or blowing into an animal horn. Virtually every material in nature has been used by at least one culture to make musical instruments. As instruments evolved, so did the selection and quality of materials. Early musical instruments were made from "found objects" such as shells and plant parts. Musical instruments are constructed in a broad array of styles and shapes, using many different materials. A person sounding a bone flute to signal the start of a hunt does so without thought of the modern notion of "making music". The concept of melody and the artistic pursuit of musical composition were probably unknown to early players of musical instruments. Primitive instruments were probably designed to emulate natural sounds, and their purpose was ritual rather than entertainment. Once humans moved from making sounds with their bodies - for example, by clapping-to using objects to create music from sounds, musical instruments were born. The academic study of musical instruments is called organology.ĭefinition and basic operation Bamileke slit drum drummers in Cameroon's West Province.Ī musical instrument is used to make musical sounds. However, the most common academic method, Hornbostel–Sachs, uses the means by which they produce sound. Instruments can be classified by their effective range, material composition, size, role, etc. Musical instrument classification is a discipline in its own right, and many systems of classification have been used over the years. ![]() While the evolution of traditional musical instruments slowed beginning in the 20th century, the proliferation of electricity led to the invention of new electric and electronic instruments, such as electric guitars, synthesizers and the theremin. During the Classical and Romantic periods of music, lasting from roughly 1750 to 1900, many new musical instruments were developed. Development in the Americas occurred at a slower pace, but cultures of North, Central, and South America shared musical instruments.īy 1400, musical instrument development slowed in many areas and was dominated by the Occident. By the post-classical era, instruments from Mesopotamia were in maritime Southeast Asia, and Europeans played instruments originating from North Africa. However, contact among civilizations caused rapid spread and adaptation of most instruments in places far from their origin. Musical instruments developed independently in many populated regions of the world. Additionally, some have proposed that lithophones, or stones used to make musical sounds-like those found at Sankarjang in India-are examples of prehistoric musical instruments. Many historians believe that determining the specific date of musical instrument invention is impossible, as the majority of early musical instruments were constructed of animal skins, bone, wood, and other non-durable, bio-degradable materials. Many scholars date early flutes to about 40,000 years ago. The oldest object identified by scholars as a musical instrument, is a simple flute, dated back 50,000–60,000 years. ![]() The exact date and specific origin of the first device considered a musical instrument, is widely disputed. Musical instruments evolved in step with changing applications and technologies. Cultures eventually developed composition and performance of melodies for entertainment. Early musical instruments may have been used for rituals, such as a horn to signal success on the hunt, or a drum in a religious ceremony. ![]() The history of musical instruments dates to the beginnings of human culture. A person who plays a musical instrument is known as an instrumentalist. In principle, any object that produces sound can be considered a musical instrument-it is through purpose that the object becomes a musical instrument. This still life painting depicts a variety of French Baroque musical instruments, such as a natural horn, transverse flute, musette, pardessus de viole, and lute.Ī musical instrument is a device created or adapted to make musical sounds. Anne Vallayer-Coster, Attributes of Music, 1770.
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